Il middleware è un software di connessione che consiste di un
insieme di servizi e/o di ambienti di sviluppo di applicazioni
distribuite che permettono a più entità (processi, oggetti ecc.),
residenti su uno o più elaboratori, di interagire attraverso una rete
di interconnessione a dispetto di differenze nei protocolli di
comunicazione, architetture dei sistemi locali, sistemi operativi
ecc..
Middleware Glossary
Activation
Bringing an executable component into a live state, after which it can respond to invocations
Application server
A server program that allows the installation of application specific software components, in a manner so that they can be remotely invoked, usually by some form of remote object method call.
Bean-managed persistence
When an Enterprise JavaBean performs its own long-term state management
Bytecode
In the context of Java, bytecode is the platform-independent executable program code
Class loader
A Java class that serves the function of retrieving other Java classes and loading them into memory
Clustering
Aggregating multiple servers together to form a service pool of some kind, usually for achieving redundancy or improving performance
Component standard
A definition of how software components cooperate, and in particular the roles and interfaces of each. In the context of Java middleware, component standards usually include specifications of the middleware interfaces exposed to the components, and the component interfaces required by the middleware
Concentrator
A facility for aggregating requests onto a single or small number of channels, for efficiency.
Container managed persistence
When an Enterprise JavaBean server manages a bean's long-term state.
CORBA
Standard maintained by the Object Management Group (OMG), called the Common Object Request Broker Architecture.
COS Naming
CORBA standard for object directories.
Data source
This is the term used by the JTA and JDBC specifications to refer to persistent repository of data. It usually represents a database. It also may refer to an object that makes database connections available (i.e. a driver).
DCOM
Microsoft's Distributed Component Object Model.
DNS
Domain Name Service, the Internet standard for looking up machine IP addresses by logical name.
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EJB
Enterprise JavaBeans.
Enterprise JavaBeans
A server component standard developed by Sun Microsystems
Entity bean
An Enterprise JavaBean that maintains state across sessions, and may be looked up in an object directory by its key value
Failover
The ability to respond resiliently to a component failure by switching to another component
IDL
interface description language, CORBA's syntax for defining object remote interfaces
IIOP
Internet Inter-ORB Protocol, CORBA's wire protocol for transmitting remote object method invocations
ISAPI
Microsoft's C++ API for coding application extensions for its Internet Information Server
Java Naming and Directory Interface
The Java standard API for accessing directory services, such as LDAP, COS Naming, and others
Java Transaction API
Java API for coding client demarcated transactions, and for building transactional data source drivers
JDBC2
Newly released extensions to the JDBC API
JNDI
Java Naming and Directory Interface
JTA
Java Transaction API
JTS
The Java Transaction Service, which in the Java binding for the CORBA Transaction Service. Provides a way for middleware vendors to build interoperable transactional middleware
JVM
Java virtual machine
Keystore
A repository for private keys and certificates
LDAP
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol, a protocol for directory services, derived from X.500
Messaging middleware
Middleware that supports a publish-and-subscribe or broadcast metaphor
Middleware
Software that runs on a server, and acts as either an application processing gateway or a routing bridge between remote clients and data sources or other servers, or any combination of these
MOM
message-oriented middleware
NSAPI
Netscape's C language API for adding application extensions to their Web servers
OMG
Object Management Group, an organization that defines and promotes object oriented programming standards
OODB
object-oriented database
OODBMS
object-oriented database management system
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ORB
object request broker, the primary message routing component in a CORBA product
Passivate
To place an object in a dormant state when it is not being accessed, such that it can later be returned to an active and usable state
Persistence
Maintaining state over a long time, especially across sessions
POA
portable object adapter
Pooling
Maintaining a collection of objects, servers, connections, or other resources for ready access, so that one does not need to be created anew each time one is needed
Portable Object Adapter
A new CORBA standard for defining object lifecycle and activation
Quality of service
The set of characteristics of a connection that include response time, reliability and error rate, throughput, and other measures that impact usability
RMI
Remote Method Invocation, the Java standard technology for building distributed objects whose methods can be invoked remotely across a network
RMI over IIOP
Using the CORBA IIOP wire protocol from an RMI API
Servant
Loosely, an object that exposes a remote interface so that it can be called from a remote client. Has a very specific meaning in the context of the POA standard
Servlet
An application extension to a Java Web server
Session bean
An Enterprise JavaBean that does not maintain its state from one session to the next. Appears to the client as if the bean was created just for that client
Skeleton
A server-side software component that serves to relay remote calls from a client to the methods of a servant running in a server. Usually a skeleton is automatically generated by a special compiler
SQLJ
An extended Java syntax for embedding SQL-like commands in a Java program
Stub
A client-side software component that serves to forward remote calls to a remote server, and receive the subsequent responses. Usually automatically generated by a special compiler
Three-tier
An architecture in which a remote client access remote data sources via an intervening server
Transaction manager
A software component that coordinates the separate transactions of multiple data sources, so that they behave as a single unified transaction. Requires data source drivers that can participate in this kind of coordination. Also usually provides the ability to monitor transactions and provide statistics
Transactional
When an operation has the property that it either completes, or if it does not complete due to a failure, it either undoes its own effects or has the ability to complete at a later time when the failure is repaired
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